Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
2
Breeding Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ,Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia, Egypt
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic effectiveness of sodium azide and gamma rays on Calendula officinalis L. Seeds were treated with four concentrations of sodium azide (250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L) and four doses of gamma irradiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) beside the untreated seeds (control). Results showed that sodium azide significantly enhanced vegetative traits, including plant height, stem diameter, herb fresh and dry weight, especially at 1000mg/L. Floral traits, such as inflorescence number, size, and weight, increased with sodium azide at 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Gamma radiation, particularly at 10 Gy, increased plant height, stem diameter, herb fresh weight, herb dry weight, and floral characters, including number of inflorescences, number of circumferences in inflorescences, diameter, and fresh weight of inflorescences. Overall, both sodium azide and gamma rays effectively enhanced plant growth, floral characteristics, and productivity, with varying degrees of response across generations. The results of heritability showed moderate to high values for most characters under study in different mutagens in M1 and M2 generations.
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